Likelihood, two years3Possibleto end-2028
Likelihood, ten years4Likelyto end-2036
Systemic impact2Moderateglobal
National impact4Severetypical highly exposed nation
OnsetRapid (weeks)
Duration (acute phase)1 year (arrivals)
Warning timeDays to months
ScopeRegional
Recovery horizonYears
Capability loadHard 0/3Soft 3/3Economic 0/3domains loaded High
ConcurrencyStandalonetriggers 2 · triggered by 5
Confidence · movementmediumnew

Rated at Standard Severe. Likelihood type: idiosyncratic (clustered around conflicts). Source of scores: ginc-desk-v0.2.

03Narrative

Dateline: April 2028

The border crossing that handled 2,000 people a day is handling 60,000 by the end of the first week. The reception plan assumed 50,000 arrivals over a year; that number passes in eleven days. Sports halls, then schools, then a disused airport become shelters. Municipalities that lost their last paediatrician years ago register 4,000 children in a month. The labour ministry fast-tracks work permits and discovers the credential-recognition system takes nine months. Rents in border cities rise 20 per cent by summer; a political party built on that number polls third by autumn. Hospitals absorb a population of patients with interrupted treatment and no records. International pledges are announced at a conference and arrive, in part, the following year. Two years on, a quarter of the arrivals have gone home, a quarter have moved on, and half are a permanent part of a country that did not plan for them and whose economy, it turns out, needed them.

The dateline is illustrative, not a forecast. The narrative is hypothetical; the historical anchors below are real events.

04Summary

A nation receives arrivals equal to 1 to 3 per cent of its population within 12 months, from a neighbouring war, a disaster or a state collapse. Housing, health, schooling, labour markets and social cohesion are loaded at once, and the fiscal cost lands before any international burden-sharing. Switzerland ranks 'people seeking protection' fourth of 44 hazards; the WEF lists involuntary migration among its global risks. v0.2 added this scenario because v0.1 had no demographic shock.

05Historical anchors

EventDateWhat happenedCalibrates
Ukraine2022About 8 million refugees across Europe; Poland registered roughly 1.5 million within weeks, about 4 per cent of its populationStandard Severe arrival rate
Europe2015–2016Around 1.3 million asylum applications in the EU in 2015; political consequences lasted a decadepolitical channel
Sudan2023–2025Over 12 million displaced; Chad and Egypt received millionslow-income receiving states
Venezuela2015–2024About 7.7 million left; Colombia received around 2.8 millionprotracted regional displacement
Switzerland national risk analysis2025'People seeking protection' ranked fourth of 44 hazards by expected lossnational-register precedent
Türkiye2011–2016Around 3.6 million Syrians registeredlargest single host

06Parameters

Shown at their preset values. Parameters are not adjustable in this release and nothing on this page is computed from them. Custom settings run (Phase B) but are labelled 'non-standard run' and excluded from comparisons.

Common sliders at Standard Severe · read-only

1. Severity
majorsevere (Standard Severe)extreme
2. Duration (acute phase)
30 days90 days1 year (Standard Severe)3 years5 years
Standard Severe: 1 year (arrivals)
3. Onset
suddenrapid (weeks) (Standard Severe)gradual (years)
4. Warning time
nonedays (Standard Severe)months
Standard Severe: days to months
5. Scope
nationalregional (Standard Severe)global
6. Origin
natural (Standard Severe)accidentaladversarial (great power / neighbour / non-state)
Standard Severe: natural or adversarial (war, state collapse)
7. External support
fullpartial (Standard Severe)none
8. Concurrency
standalone (Standard Severe)plus one named scenarioplus two
9. Policy response assumed
none (pure exposure)current plans executed (Standard Severe)best practice
Standard Severe: current plans
10. Recovery horizon
monthsyears (Standard Severe)structural

Scenario-specific parameters · read-only

ParameterDefaultRange or optionsNote
Arrivals as share of population2 per cent0.5–5—
Arrival window6 months1–12—
Originneighbouring waroptions: disaster / state collapse / climate—
Legal regimetemporary protectionoptions: asylum backlog / closed border—
International burden-sharingpartialnone–full—
Return rate within two years25 per cent0–60—

07Transmission channels

  1. Border and reception overload.
  2. Shelter, health and schooling demand spikes.
  3. Fiscal cost precedes external support.
  4. Housing and labour-market pressure in receiving regions.
  5. Political mobilisation and cohesion strain.
  6. Long-run integration or exclusion outcomes.

08Capability loading

High: capability band shifts expected under current plans. Medium: band shifts under 'none' policy response only. Low: strain without band shift. Loads are judgement-based until the Atlas connects. Domains link to the Atlas.

DomainLoadChannel
Hard
Defence and securityMediumborder management, registration, security screening
Strategic infrastructureMediumhousing, transport, utilities in receiving regions
Critical technologyLowregistration and identity systems
Soft
Government effectivenessHighreception, legal processing, inter-governmental coordination
Human capitalHighhealth, education, credential recognition, labour integration
Influence and cohesionHighsocial cohesion, political stability, international solidarity
Economic
Macro-financialMediumfiscal cost; later labour-supply gains
Industry, trade and supplyLowlabour-market matching
Energy and resourcesLowutility demand

09Stakeholders

Government

Relevance 4/5
Exposure
Reception capacity and legal regime
Actions
  • Surge plans scaled to 2 per cent of population
  • Pre-agreed EU or regional burden-sharing
  • Fast credential recognition
Watch
  • UNHCR displacement data from neighbours
  • Border crossing counts

Technology

Relevance 2/5
Exposure
Registration, identity, payments and connectivity for arrivals
Actions
  • Interoperable registration systems
Watch
  • SIM registrations

Investors

Relevance 2/5
Exposure
Housing, municipal finance, labour supply
Actions
  • Regional exposure in real estate and local-government debt
Watch
  • Rent indices in border regions

Public

Relevance 5/5
Exposure
Housing, schools, services
Actions
  • Community reception networks
Watch
  • Municipal capacity announcements

10Regional exposure

RegionExposureRationale
North AmericaMediumWestern Hemisphere displacement
EuropeHighUkraine, Middle East, Africa routes
ChinaLow—
Indo-PacificMediumMyanmar, Pacific climate displacement
South AsiaHighAfghanistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh
Gulf and Middle EastHighSyria, Sudan, Yemen, Gaza
AfricaHighSudan, Sahel, DRC, Horn
Latin America and CaribbeanHighVenezuela, Haiti
Russia and EurasiaMedium—

11Early-warning indicators

IndicatorSourceThreshold
UNHCR and IOM displacement figures in neighbouring states——
Border crossing counts——
Asylum application backlogsEurostat—
Reception capacity utilisation——
Rent indices in receiving regions——
ACLED conflict intensity in origin states——
Drought and famine early warningFEWS NET—

12Compounds

Triggers
Triggered by
Amplifying trends
conflict count at post-war highsclimate stressdemographic pressure in origin states
Key trends

From the GINC 250: trends rated Very high or Critical for this scenario. All S08 trend scores.

13Rating rationale

RatingBand or levelWhy
Likelihood, two years3PossibleA handful of nations a year receive arrivals above 1 per cent of population; the per-nation base rate is 1 to 2 per cent a year, higher for neighbours of active conflicts.
Likelihood, ten years4Likely—
Systemic impact2Moderate—
National impact4SevereServices and cohesion strained but recoverable.
Confidencemedium—

Source of scores: ginc-desk-v0.2. Confidence refers to the rating, not the scenario. Calibration sources are listed with the anchors above and on the methodology page.

14Open questions

Contested assumptions for the panel to resolve.

  • Whether outward displacement (the origin state losing 10 per cent of its people) needs its own scenario.
  • How to credit long-run labour gains in a shock scenario.
  • Whether climate displacement is S08 or a trend.

15Commentary

No signed commentary in this build.

16Version and citation

Version
0.2.0 · active
Change log
0.2.0 · 2 October 2026 · Entered the Library at v0.2 with GINC desk scores.
Full change log
Cite asGINC (2027). Scenario S08 Mass displacement shock, Scenario Library v0.2. scenarios.ginc.org/library/mass-displacement-shockContent and data are published under CC BY 4.0.